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Calcium Dashboard – Details by Country

Bulgaria


Country Typology: Low disease risk, high intervention/policy environment

Health Data

Preterm Births:

  • Lancet Estimates: Preterm Birth Rate per 100 Live Births: 8.0 [7.5-8.5] 1
  • GBD Estimates: DALYS per 100,000 [CI]: 197 [167, 229] 2

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths: 3

  • DALYs per 100,000: 2.43 [1.79, 3.33]
  • Deaths per 100,000: 0.02 [0.02, 0.03]

Bone Fractures Incidence Rate per 100,000 [CI]: 4402.8 [4016.8, 4844.8] 4

Diet and Food Supply

Apparent Calcium Intake: 924.2 mg/day 5

Policies

Calcium Fortification:
No fortification policy

Antenatal Care Guidelines: 6

  • Supplementation Recommendation:
    No recommendation
  • Food-Based Recommendation:
    • Dairy: Yogurt, milk (low-fat), cheese
    • Leafy greens: Spinach, nettle, sorrel, parsley
    • Canned fish with bones (e.g., sardines)
    • Calcium-fortified juices and cereals
    • Legumes and (e.g., beans, lentils)
    • Whole grains (e.g., wholegrain bread)

References:

1 Preterm Births - Lancet Estimates
Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global. estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2023; 402: 1261–71.

2 Preterm Births - GBD Estimates
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 7/23/2025). For terms and conditions of use, please visit http://www.healthdata.org/about/terms-and-conditions

3 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 9/16/2024).

4 Bone Fractures
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2022. Available from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/. (Accessed 7/18/2025).

5 Apparent Calcium Intake
Updated for 2022 based on: Lividini, K., Masters, W.A. Tracing global flows of bioactive compounds from farm to fork in nutrient balance sheets can help guide intervention towards healthier food supplies. Nat Food 3, 703–715 (2022).

6 Antenatal Care Guidelines
Ministry of Health of Bulgaria. ПРЕПОРЪКИ ЗА ЗДРАВОСЛОВНО ХРАНЕНЕ ПРЕДИ И ПО ВРЕМЕ НА БРЕМЕННОСТ И ПРИ КЪРМЕНЕ; Published online 2008. Accessed May 13, 2024. https://www.mh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2015/ 04/08/zdravoslovno-hranene-bremennost-karmene.pdf