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Calcium Dashboard – Details by Country

China


Country Typology: Low disease risk, high intervention/policy environment

Health Data

Preterm Births:

  • Lancet Estimates: Preterm Birth Rate per 100 Live Births: 6.1 [5.1-7.4] 1
  • GBD Estimates: DALYS per 100,000 [CI]: 149 [125, 173] 2

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - Preclampsia & Eclampsia Incidence: 3

  • % of Preeclampsia Cases: 2.90%
  • % of Eclampsia Cases: NR
  • % of Combined Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: NR

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths: 4

  • DALYs per 100,000: 2.52 [1.85, 3.41]
  • Deaths per 100,000: 0.02 [0.02, 0.03]

Bone Fractures Incidence Rate per 100,000 [CI]: 1962 [1773, 2151.7] 5

Diet and Food Supply

Calcium Intake: 1143mg/day () 6

Apparent Calcium Intake: 712.3 mg/day 7

Policies

Calcium Fortification: 8
• Voluntary fortification of Wheat flour (2400mg/kg)

Antenatal Care Guidelines:

  • Supplementation Recommendation:
    No recommendation
  • Food-Based Recommendation:
    No recommendation

References:

1 Preterm Births - Lancet Estimates
Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global. estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2023; 402: 1261–71.

2 Preterm Births - GBD Estimates
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 7/23/2025). For terms and conditions of use, please visit http://www.healthdata.org/about/terms-and-conditions

3 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - Preclampsia & Eclampsia Incidence
Li S., Gao J., Liu J., et al. (2021) Incidence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Front. Med. 8:11.

4 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 9/16/2024).

5 Bone Fractures
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2022. Available from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/. (Accessed 7/18/2025).

6 Calcium Intake
Zhu X, Zhou Y, Wen Z, Ye W, Gao L, Xu Y. Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Bone Mineral Density Changes among Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study in China. Nutrients. 2024 Feb 5;16(3):455. doi: 10.3390/nu16030455. PMID: 38337739; PMCID: PMC10857122.

7 Apparent Calcium Intake
Updated for 2022 based on: Lividini, K., Masters, W.A. Tracing global flows of bioactive compounds from farm to fork in nutrient balance sheets can help guide intervention towards healthier food supplies. Nat Food 3, 703–715 (2022).

8 Calcium Fortification
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 14880-2012. National food safety standard, Standard for the use of nutritional fortification substances in foods. China. 15/March/2012. From: Global Fortification Data Exchange. Accessed 11 October 2024. [http://www.fortificationdata.org.]