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Calcium Dashboard – Details by Country

Cuba


Country Typology: Low disease risk, high intervention/policy environment

Health Data

Preterm Births:

  • Lancet Estimates: Preterm Birth Rate per 100 Live Births: 6.0 [5.6-6.4] 1
  • GBD Estimates: DALYS per 100,000 [CI]: 144 [118, 171] 2

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths: 3

  • DALYs per 100,000: 5.22 [3.91, 7.04]
  • Deaths per 100,000: 0.05 [0.04, 0.06]

Bone Fractures Incidence Rate per 100,000 [CI]: 3050 [2823.6, 3266] 4

Diet and Food Supply

Apparent Calcium Intake: 612.9 mg/day 5

Policies

Calcium Fortification:
No fortification policy

Antenatal Care Guidelines: 6

  • Supplementation Recommendation:
    No recommendation
  • Food-Based Recommendation:
    • Dairy: Pasteurized milk, yogurt, cheese
    • Small fish with bones (e.g., sardines)
    • Green leafy vegetables (e.g., spinach, chard)
    • Legumes (e.g., beans, lentils)
    • Fortified foods (e.g., calcium-enriched cereal or beverages)

References:

1 Preterm Births - Lancet Estimates
Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global. estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2023; 402: 1261–71.

2 Preterm Births - GBD Estimates
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 7/23/2025). For terms and conditions of use, please visit http://www.healthdata.org/about/terms-and-conditions

3 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 9/16/2024).

4 Bone Fractures
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2022. Available from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/. (Accessed 7/18/2025).

5 Apparent Calcium Intake
Updated for 2022 based on: Lividini, K., Masters, W.A. Tracing global flows of bioactive compounds from farm to fork in nutrient balance sheets can help guide intervention towards healthier food supplies. Nat Food 3, 703–715 (2022).

6 Antenatal Care Guidelines
Centro de Nutrición e Higiene de los Alimentos del Instituto de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Cuba y del Programa de Cooperación del Gobierno de Cuba y UNICEF. Guías alimentarias para las embarazadas y madres que dan de lactar. Published online 2022. Accessed July 7, 2024. https://www.unicef.org/cuba/media/6761/file/Gu%C3%ADas%20alimentarias%20pra%20las%20embarazadas%20y%20madres%20que%20dan%20de%20lactar%20en%20Cuba.pd