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Calcium Dashboard – Details by Country

Spain


Country Typology: Low disease risk, high intervention/policy environment

Health Data

Preterm Births:

  • Lancet Estimates: Preterm Birth Rate per 100 Live Births: 7.1 [6.8-7.3] 1
  • GBD Estimates: DALYS per 100,000 [CI]: 112 [90, 137] 2

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - Preclampsia & Eclampsia Incidence: 3

  • % of Preeclampsia Cases: 2.30%
  • % of Eclampsia Cases: NR
  • % of Combined Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: NR

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths: 4

  • DALYs per 100,000: 2.16 [1.43, 3.17]
  • Deaths per 100,000: 0.01 [0.01, 0.01]

Bone Fractures Incidence Rate per 100,000 [CI]: 3307.6 [2994.4, 3676.9] 5

Diet and Food Supply

Calcium Intake: 411.6mg/day (110.2) 6

Apparent Calcium Intake: 963.6 mg/day 7

Policies

Calcium Fortification:
No fortification policy

Antenatal Care Guidelines: 8

  • Supplementation Recommendation:
    No recommendation
  • Food-Based Recommendation:
    • A daily intake of 3–4 servings of dairy products
    • Green leafy vegetables
    • Nuts
    • Legumes
    • Fortified foods

References:

1 Preterm Births - Lancet Estimates
Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global. estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2023; 402: 1261–71.

2 Preterm Births - GBD Estimates
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 7/23/2025). For terms and conditions of use, please visit http://www.healthdata.org/about/terms-and-conditions

3 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - Preclampsia & Eclampsia Incidence
Serra, B., Mendoza, M., Scazzocchio, E., et al. (2020). A new model for screening for early-onset preeclampsia. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 222(6), 608-e1.

4 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 9/16/2024).

5 Bone Fractures
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2022. Available from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/. (Accessed 7/18/2025).

6 Calcium Intake
Castro-Barquero S, Larroya M, Crispi F, Estruch R, Nakaki A, Paules C, Ruiz-León AM, Sacanella E, Freitas T, Youssef L, Benitez L, Casas I, Genero M, Gomez S, Casanovas-Garriga F, Gratacós E, Casas R, Crovetto F. Diet quality and nutrient density in pregnant women according to adherence to Mediterranean diet. Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 14;11:1144942.

7 Apparent Calcium Intake
Updated for 2022 based on: Lividini, K., Masters, W.A. Tracing global flows of bioactive compounds from farm to fork in nutrient balance sheets can help guide intervention towards healthier food supplies. Nat Food 3, 703–715 (2022).

8 Antenatal Care Guidelines
MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD. SERVICIOS SOCIALES E IGUALDAD. Guía de práctica clínica de atención en el embarazo y puerperio. Published online 2014. Accessed May 22, 2024. https://www.sanidad.gob.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/pdf/Guia_practica_AEP.pdf