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Calcium Dashboard – Details by Country

India


Country Typology: High disease risk, high intervention/policy environment

Health Data

Preterm Births:

  • Lancet Estimates: Preterm Birth Rate per 100 Live Births: 13.0 [9.7-17.3] 1
  • GBD Estimates: DALYS per 100,000 [CI]: 1707 [1402, 2093] 2

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - Preclampsia & Eclampsia Incidence: 3

  • % of Eclampsia Cases: NR
  • % of Combined Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: 3.60%

Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths: 4

  • DALYs per 100,000: 51.16 [41.50, 62.69]
  • Deaths per 100,000: 0.82 [0.65, 1.00]

Bone Fractures Incidence Rate per 100,000 [CI]: 2006.8 [1820.8, 2203.5] 5

Diet and Food Supply

Calcium Intake: 796.4mg/day (360.4) 6

Apparent Calcium Intake: 667.4 mg/day 7

Policies

Calcium Fortification:
No fortification policy

Antenatal Care Guidelines: 8

  • Supplementation Recommendation:
    1 g/day of calcium for all pregnant women/Pregnancy Induced Hypertension after 14 weeks of gestation
  • Food-Based Recommendation:
    • Milk, milk products
    • Ragi
    • Sesame (til)
    • Soy milk
    • Green leafy vegetables
    • Whole cereals
    • Pulses
    • Nuts

References:

1 Preterm Births - Lancet Estimates
Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global. estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2023; 402: 1261–71.

2 Preterm Births - GBD Estimates
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 7/23/2025). For terms and conditions of use, please visit http://www.healthdata.org/about/terms-and-conditions

3 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - Preclampsia & Eclampsia Incidence
Das, P., Das, T., Das, P., & Roy, T. (2024). An association of deficiencies in balanced dietary practices and inadequate iron and folic acid supplement’s intake during pregnancy and increasing risk of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia among Indian women. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1), e0001633.

4 Maternal Hypertensive Disorders - DALYS & Deaths
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2023. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. (Accessed 9/16/2024).

5 Bone Fractures
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021). Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2022. Available from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/. (Accessed 7/18/2025).

6 Calcium Intake
Kant S, Haldar P, Gupta A, Lohiya A. Serum calcium level among pregnant women and its association with pre-eclampsia and delivery outcomes: A cross-sectional study from North India. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 31;9(4):795-803.

7 Apparent Calcium Intake
Updated for 2022 based on: Lividini, K., Masters, W.A. Tracing global flows of bioactive compounds from farm to fork in nutrient balance sheets can help guide intervention towards healthier food supplies. Nat Food 3, 703–715 (2022).

8 Antenatal Care Guidelines
Ministry of health and family welfare Government of India. Training Manual on Care During Pregnancy and Child Birth. Published online 2021. Accessed May 22, 2024. https://nhsrcindia.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/Care%20During%20Pregnancy%20and%20Childbirth%20Training%20Manual%20for%20CHO%20at%20AB-HWC.pdf