The Blavatnik Family Foundation hosts the first Blavatnik Awards Ceremony in Israel in collaboration with The New York Academy of Sciences and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Take a look at the spectacular occasion.
Published May 1, 2018
By Kamala Murthy
The Blavatnik Family Foundation in collaboration with The New York Academy of Sciences and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, hosted the Inaugural Ceremony and Gala for the Blavatnik Awards in Israel at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem on February 4, 2018.
This spectacular occasion marked the Blavatnik Awards’ first year in Israel. Prominent leaders across Israel, including from academia, business and philanthropy, attended this remarkable event. Dana Weiss, Chief Political Analyst and host of Israel’s “Saturday Night with Dana Weiss,” presented the Blavatnik Awards as Ceremonial emcee.
The evening began with a vocal performance by one of Israel’s most celebrated singer/songwriters, Ronan Kenan. A short opening film entitled “Start-up nation” was shown. The film highlighted Israel’s entrepreneurial spirit that drives innovation and discovery in the country. Both President Nili Cohen of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and President Ellis Rubinstein of the New York Academy of Sciences gave opening remarks for the inaugural ceremony.
Honoring Israel’s Leading Young Scientists
The evening honored three of Israel’s leading young scientists: Dr. Charles Diesendruck, a chemist reviving the field of “Mechanochemistry” from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology; Prof. Anat Levin, a computer scientist working in the field of computational photography who is also from the Technion; and Dr. Oded Rechavi, a geneticist from Tel Aviv University studying non-DNA-based inheritance.
These three Laureates were chosen by a distinguished panel of judges from across Israel and selected from 47 nominations that were submitted by eight of Israel’s top universities and independent research institutions. Before each Laureate was announced, a short film introducing each scientist and the significance of their particular research areas were shown:
Blavatnik Family Foundation Founder and Chairman Mr. Len Blavatnik awarded each scientist with their personalized medal. The scientists were given the opportunity to present in-depth overviews of their current research to the audience. Nobel Laureate, Israel Prize Winner, and Distinguished Research Professor of the Faculty of Medicine at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Prof. Aaron Ciechanover, was the keynote speaker for the evening. The Anchor Choir of the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance concluded the ceremony with a vocal performance.
Imagine an “Intellicity,” where neural networks ensure everything works together.
Published May 1, 2018
By Lori Greene
Today’s students will be the inhabitants of tomorrow’s cities, so they want more sustainable ways of living and working in urban ecosystems.
That was the premise behind United Technologies’ Future of Buildings Innovation Challenge. This event was created by The New York Academy of Sciences and launched in September 2017.
Fifty-two teams of students 13 to 18 years old from across the globe competed. Their goal: to conceive the most inventive green building solution.
Imagining an “Intellicity,” was the creation of one team. Here, neural networks run a building’s systems to ensure people, machines and the environment work in concert to adroitly use and conserve resources.
Reducing Waste
In the “Intellicity” paradigm, little is wasted. Solar panels and wind turbines create an on-going source of clean, abundant, renewable energy. Rainwater collected from the roofs of buildings provide water for indoor plumbing and hydroponic systems. Once inside, hydroponic walls can repurpose rainwater for food growth. Intellicity’s student founders want to ensure that people are harnessing energy generated by city activity and putting it to use.
Floor tiles in larger structures convert footsteps into electrical energy, and waste is turned into fertilizer. Solar panels on windows maximize sunlight and capture the energy to help run a building’s lighting and temperature systems. Revolving doors connected to electric generators can be used to capture energy as people walk in and out. This creates another source to power the structure’s electricity, heating and cooling needs.
The Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Using artificial intelligence (AI), energy is redistributed to increase the comfort and productivity of building occupants. The AI system that would run the integrated interior and exterior building networks “learns” from several inputs and the resulting outputs. For example, during high usage times, the power could go towards controlling lighting as well as heating and cooling rooms. Over time, the network records occupant preferences and automatically adjusts the room, heat and light depending on who enters and leaves.
Similarly, the team sought to give people an opportunity to interact with their building using a “neural network.” This computer system was developed around the human nervous system. It aims to allow the building to communicate back through an app detailing the energy being collected, used and wasted in the structure.
Retrofitting Existing Infrastructure
With the flexibility of AI, the team theorizes that this can also be implemented in a variety of structures. This includes transportation hubs such as airports as well as offices and apartment buildings. According to the plan, each section of the building could provide sustainable energy with minimal impact to the environment around it. Rather than redesigning structures, the team suggests using sensors in every room. They also suggested monitoring software that can help devise a customized solution to precisely redistribute energy.
Integrating neural networks into buildings to create an energy efficient sustainable future is Intellicity’s ultimate goal.
Check: nyas.org/challenges for information about the UTC Future Buildings and Cities Challenge winners.
The Blavatnik Family Foundation Hosts the UK’s First Blavatnik Awards Ceremony at London’s Victoria and Albert Museum in Collaboration with The New York Academy of Sciences
Published March 7, 2018
By Marie Gentile, Mandy Carr, and Richard Birchard
A gala evening celebrating the UK’s most promising young faculty-level scientists, the 2018 Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists in the United Kingdom, was held on March 7, 2018 at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The evening was a glamorous event attended by the UK’s top leaders in science, business, and philanthropy.
The Blavatnik Awards, established by the Blavatnik Family Foundation in the United States in 2007 and administered by The New York Academy of Sciences, celebrate the past accomplishments and future potential of young faculty researchers, aged 42 years and younger.
These awards recognize scientists working in three disciplinary categories of science: Life Sciences, Chemistry, Physical Sciences & Engineering.
This occasion marked the inaugural year of the Awards in the UK.
Distinguished guests that attended the ceremony included Chief Medical Officer for England, Prof. Dame Sally Davies; ethologist and author, Richard Dawkins; Chief Executive of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Ms. Katherine Mathieson; 2014 Nobel Laureate Prof. John O’Keefe, 2017 Nobel Laureate Prof. Richard Henderson.
In each category, two Finalists were awarded medals plus a prize of $30,000 and one Laureate in each category was awarded a medal and a prize of $100,000. Sir Leonard Blavatnik presented medals to the three Laureates and six finalists:
Clare Gray, of the University of Cambridge, introduced 2018 Blavatnik Awards UK Laureate in Chemistry Prof. Andrew L. Goodwin of University of Oxford and his work on ground-breaking research in theoretical and applied studies of disorder and flexibility in materials.
Sir Richard Friend, from the University of Cambridge, introduced 2018 Blavatnik Awards UK Laureate in Physical Sciences & Engineering, Prof. Henry Snaith, also of University of Oxford, and highlighted his research in developing new, low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells based on metal halide perovskite materials.
Veronica van Heyningen, Honorary Professor at University College London and University of Edinburgh, introduced 2018 Blavatnik Awards UK Laureate in Life Sciences, Dr. M. Madan Babu of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, with the award for his insights into the structural biology and molecular logic of key proteins and protein motifs, including GPCRs [G-protein Coupled Receptors] and intrinsically-disordered protein regions.
Henry Snaith, PhD Professor of Physics, University of Oxford
Prof. Snaith has striven to develop new photovoltaic technologies based on simply processed materials, which have promised to deliver solar energy at a fraction of the cost of incumbent silicon modules.
Through a series of key discoveries, he found that metal halide perovskite materials, which had been overlooked for decades because of their very low photovoltaic energy efficiency, can be employed in highly efficient solar cells. He has developed a low-cost synthesis method for the perovskite solar cells, and significantly raised their energy efficiency from 10.9 percent in his first publication to over 22 percent in a single junction perovskite solar cell, and more recently to 25 percent by combining perovskites with silicon solar cells.
Currently, he is pushing the perovskite-on-silicon tandem cells to surpass the 30 percent efficiency mark, making them very promising for industrial applications. He has also significantly improved long-term stability of perovskite solar cells and discovered numerous key fundamental aspects of the perovskite semiconductors, which helped broaden the application range of these materials to include light emission, radiation detection, memory and sensing.
Prof. Snaith’s work toward a significant cost reduction in photovoltaic solar power could help propel society to a sustainable future.
Physical Sciences & Engineering Finalists
Claudia de Rham, PhD Reader in Theoretical Physics, Imperial College London
Dr. de Rham has revitalized massive gravity theory, which is one way of modifying General Relativity to solve the open puzzles of cosmology. The early versions of massive gravity theory had been known for their dangerous pathologies, including a ghost mode and a discontinuity with General Relativity in the limit where the mass of a graviton goes to zero.
In 2010, Dr. de Rham solved such problems by constructing a nonlinear theory of massive gravity, which is ghost free and theoretically consistent. Since this breakthrough, Dr. de Rham has further established the effective quantum theory of massive gravity to describe the accelerated expansion of the universe as a purely gravitational effect, with the role of dark energy being played by massive gravitons.
Her work has continued to define the field beyond Einstein’s theories of gravity and cosmology, and revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental evolution of the universe and the quantum nature of gravity.
Andrew Levan, PhD Professor of Astronomy, University of Warwick
Prof. Levan works on the observation of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are the most luminous and energetic explosions in the universe. He has achieved a new understanding of the rich relativistic physics behind GRBs, and has deployed such phenomena as powerful probes that act as lighthouses to the distant universe.
For instance, a new type of GRB he discovered opened an entirely new window onto the properties of black holes at the center of galaxies. Most recently, Prof. Levan has also played a major role in the characterization of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source, GW170817. This included the identification of the infrared counterpart and leading the first observations of this counterpart with the Hubble Space Telescope.
These events provide the astrophysics community with a completely new way to study the Universe, and explore new information from deep inside extreme events, places that cannot be seen with normal light.
Chemistry Laureate
Andrew Goodwin, PhD Professor of Materials Chemistry, University of Oxford
Prof. Goodwin is a world leader in the study of the dual roles of mechanical flexibility and structural disorder in the chemistry and physics of functional materials.
Examples of materials that rely on localized disorder to enhance functionality include semiconductors and glass. Goodwin’s laboratory utilizes advanced diffraction and modelling techniques to probe disordered materials and subsequently produce new, tailored materials that display unique properties. Most materials expand upon heating and shrink when compressed; however, Goodwin has discovered that by careful control of the disorder within the structure of a substance, the opposite can occur — materials will shrink upon heating (negative thermal expansion) and expand when compressed (negative linear compressibility).
These counterintuitive processes are useful in the design of heat-resistant materials, advanced pressure sensors, artificial muscles and even body armor. Goodwin has also played a key role in the structural analysis of amorphous materials using total scattering methods, which, in the case of amorphous calcium carbonate, the key structural component in bones and shell, led to a complete understanding of the ability of organisms to nucleate different crystalline structures from the same biomineral precursor.
Chemistry Finalists
Philipp Kukura, PhD Professor of Chemistry, University of Oxford
Prof. Kukura develops and applies novel spectroscopic and microscopic imaging techniques with the aim of visualizing and thereby studying biomolecular structure and dynamics.
Of particular importance are Prof. Kukura’s recent breakthroughs in scattering-based optical microscopy, where his group was the first to demonstrate nanometer-precise tracking of small scattering labels with sub-millisecond temporal resolution, which enables highly accurate measurements and mechanistic insight into the structural dynamics of biomolecules such as molecular motors and DNA. His group was also able to develop ultrasensitive label-free imaging and sensing in solution, down to the single molecule level, which has the potential to revolutionize our ability to study molecular interactions and self-assembly.
The Kukura group continues to challenge what we believe we can measure and quantify with light and use it to improve our understanding of biomolecular function. Ultimately, this technology has the potential to enable a variety of universally applicable and quantitative methods to probe molecular interactions at the sub-cellular level.
Robert Hilton, PhD Reader, Department of Geography, Durham University
Dr. Hilton’s research has provided new insights on Earth’s long-term carbon cycle and the natural processes that transfer carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and rocks. His research has uncovered how erosion of land in the form of geomorphic events (earthquakes and resulting landslides), weathering of organic carbon in rocks, and the export of carbon by rivers can impact atmospheric CO2 concentration. Dr. Hilton and colleagues have developed geochemical and river sampling methods which allow this to be done.
The release of CO2 into the atmosphere through the actions of humans burning fossil fuels has become a concern in recent decades. Dr. Hilton’s research highlights that the natural rates of this process (by weathering and breakdown of rocks) is much, much slower. The planet is currently undergoing dramatic changes with respect to global climate, and it is crucially important to consider whether these aspects of the carbon cycle may amplify human impacts.
Life Sciences Laureate
M. Madan Babu, PhD Programme Leader, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Dr. Babu’s multi-disciplinary work employs techniques from data science, genomics and structural biology to analyze biological systems. Using this innovative approach, Dr. Babu has made important discoveries about proteins called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These proteins are implicated in numerous human disorders, and drugs targeting GPCRs represent nearly 30 percent of all drug sales.
Dr. Babu has shown that many GPCRs targeted by common drugs can differ significantly from one person to another, so patients with different versions of the same GPCR are likely to have different responses to the same drug. These findings will begin to identify problematic treatments, and could potentially revolutionize personalized medicine. In a parallel body of work, Dr. Babu has also made fundamental discoveries in the role of so-called “disordered” proteins. About 40 percent of human proteins have a region where the protein becomes more flexible, less structured — these floppy, flexible parts of proteins have puzzled structural biologists for decades.
Dr. Babu and his team have helped to establish the roles of disordered proteins in health and disease. Together, these studies shed light on key types of proteins that are integral to human health.
Life Sciences Finalists
John Briggs, DPhil Programme Leader, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Dr. Briggs uses and develops state-of-the-art techniques in electron microscopy to understand the structure and functions of biological molecules. He pioneered a technique called cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), which allows visualization of biological specimens at near-atomic resolution.
He has combined this technique with other types of microscopy to identify and image rare and dynamic cellular events. Dr. Briggs was the first to achieve pseudo-atomic resolution for visualization of a biological structure using cryo-ET by imaging the capsid domains of HIV. This remarkable achievement revealed the network of protein interactions governing the assembly of HIV particles, and provides new insights into viral function.
Dr. Briggs is at the forefront of structural biology, leading the search for higher resolution visualizations of cellular processes directly within their native environments. By turning these techniques to important biological questions, his work stands to have broad impact on our understanding of the biology of cells and viruses.
Timothy Behrens, DPhil Professor of Computational Neuroscience, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences Deputy Director, FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford Honorary Lecturer, Wellcome Centre for Imaging Neuroscience, University College London
Prof. Behrens uses mathematical models, behavioral experiments and neural recordings to dissect the biological computations that underlie human behavior. He has uncovered key aspects of how we represent the world around us, make decisions and guide our behavior.
His group has shown that the neural structures used to represent physical space are also used to represent abstract concepts — the brain uses a similar mechanism to encode “maps” of abstract ideas. Such findings have impact on neural network computing and artificial intelligence, but also on our understanding of cognition and mental health. Prof. Behrens has also worked to map the precise anatomy of the human brain, and is leading a large-scale collaboration to map networks of neurons important for cognition.
Few fields are more intimately related to our sense of what it means to be human — and Prof. Behrens and his team are at the forefront of this understanding.
Oded Rechavi, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University
Dr. Rechavi’s research upends the traditional laws of inheritance. The notion that traits acquired over the course of a lifetime could influence heredity was heresy until recently, when Dr. Rechavi showed how environmental conditions can imprint “molecular memories” that govern the passage of acquired traits to future generations.
DNA vs Small RNAs
Rechavi’s work in C. elegans, a species of small worms, illustrates how various stressors can induce heritable changes mediated not by DNA, but by small RNAs. By transferring small RNAs from the regular cells of the body that are impacted by the stressor, to the “germline” cells (eggs and sperm) that pass on traits to the next generation, the experiences of one generation can produce long-lasting impacts on gene regulation in multiple subsequent generations.
Rechavi’s lab published the first proofs of this effect, showing that exposing the parent worms to a virus confers immunity on the offspring through the transfer of small RNAs. He later showed that a similar mechanism allows the offspring of starved worms to live longer and to better survive periods of starvation. His group has identified the genes and determined the rules that govern which changes are heritable, as well as the potential duration of that inheritance.
Rechavi has hypothesized that similar mechanisms of small-RNA-based inheritance exist in mammals, including humans. Encompassing genetics, evolutionary biology and developmental biology, Rechavi’s research is fundamental to advancing understanding of the heritability of complex traits and diseases.
Chemistry Laureate
Charles Diesendruck, PhD, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology
Dr. Diesendruck works at the intersection of chemistry, physics and materials science, in the recently resurgent field of mechanochemistry. Diesendruck and his collaborators are using mechanically driven reactions to create novel molecules and new materials capable of responding to both physical and chemical stimuli.
As polymers and fiber-composites have become ubiquitous, the tendency of these materials to break, split or otherwise degrade under pressure have limited their application, especially in high-strain environments such as aircraft and automobiles. Diesendruck’s research seeks to better understand how mechanical forces can change molecular bonds and alter the properties of materials, using this knowledge to design resilient, responsive macromolecules for next-generation polymers.
Developing “Smart” Materials
In Diesendruck’s vision, these “smart” materials will be customized with specific stress conduction characteristics, respond productively to mechanical strain, and be able to detect and reinforce or repair structural damage. Diesendruck was among the research team that created the first autonomously “self-healing” fiber-composites, a key step toward producing materials that maximize the benefits of composites, including strength and weight, while minimizing the risks from damage and increasing the longevity of these materials in transportation and other applications.
Diesendruck’s group is also engaged in exploratory research probing difficult or previously inaccessible chemical transformations that may lead to new reactions and reactants.
Physical Sciences & Engineering Laureate
Anat Levin, PhD, Associate Professor, The Andrew & Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology
Prof. Levin is a leader in the emerging field of computational photography, which blends computing with traditional imaging techniques to transcend the limitations of even the most advanced cameras, producing novel imaging results and capabilities. Levin’s work is rooted in discovering mathematical foundations and applying them to solve real-world challenges in imaging and optics.
She is the creator of a prototype computational camera specialized to capture moving objects and scenes, which introduces a constant, quantifiable degree of motion blur during exposure to allow for streamlined blur removal in post-processing. Prof. Levin has also worked to optimize the process of colorizing grayscale images and videos, simplifying a historically time-consuming and expensive process using a method that automatically propagates color among pixels based on the intensity of neighboring pixels.
Using Light Scatter to Study Chemical Composition
Advances in computational photography will have implications that extend well beyond digital photography, including improving medical, microscope and telescope imaging, and ultimately transforming videography. More recently, Levin has published methods for utilizing patterns of light scatter to determine the chemical composition of a material, a technique that could have implications for fields as diverse as ultrasound imaging and air quality assessment.
She has also developed dynamic digital displays that instantly adapt to changes in light and viewing angle, and prototype displays that may ultimately enable large-scale, glasses-free 3D movie viewing.
(Back Row L to R) Ellis Rubinstein, President and CEO, New York Academy of Sciences, Dr. Charles Diesendruck, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Prof. Anat Levin, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Len Blavatnik, Chairman, Access Industries/Blavatnik Family Foundation, Dr. Oded Rechavi, Tel Aviv University. (Front Row L to R) Nechama Rivlin, First Lady of Israel, Reuven Rivlin, President of Israel, Prof. Nili Cohen, President, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Dr. Richard Gilbertson discusses his inspiration and the latest advances in pediatric cancer research.
Published January 8, 2018
By Marie Gentile and Richard Birchard
Dr. Richard Gilbertson
Richard Gilbertson, MD, PhD, Li Ka Shing Chair of Oncology and director of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, did not initially set out for a career in pediatric cancer — the leading cause of death by disease past infancy for children and adolescents in the United States and Europe.
He “somewhat randomly,” as he says, chose to do his second-year research project on medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. He was inspired early on by a caring mentor who went above and beyond in attention and enthusiasm and was further determined to pursue this path while getting to know the family of a child with brain cancer.
“One day I went onto the ward, and it was very dark, and all the curtains were closed, and I was told that this child was dying. After inquiring about available treatments, I was told there was nothing to be done. I was incredibly angry with the system that wasn’t able to offer a child a curative treatment.”
Deeply affected by this child’s death, when a friend and fellow medical student challenged him to produce a 15% reduction in mortality of any disease over beers at a pub, Dr. Gilbertson made it his career goal to “produce a 15% reduction in mortality, at least of medulloblastoma in pediatric cancer.”
Discoveries in Medulloblastoma
To that end, Dr. Gilbertson and his lab have made some profound discoveries in medulloblastoma. During the 1980s, medulloblastoma was considered a single disease, with a singular treatment, but “we’ve demonstrated that it is multiple diseases, and those diseases actually have different origins in the nervous system from very specific cell types, and they behave differently.”
This understanding has allowed treatments to be tailored to disease type, resulting in a reduction in the use of radiation therapy, the introduction of new treatments that target the signaling pathways of some forms of medulloblastoma, and insights into other brain tumors including Ependymoma and choroid plexus carcinoma.
His latest research is driven by the question of why cancer is so much less prevalent in children than expected, given that as they grow they have a large burden of cellular proliferation.
“Whereas one in two adults will get cancer eventually, only one in 600 children will, and the math doesn’t add up because children are growing faster than at any other point in their lives,” says Gilbertson.
Understanding the Mechanisms of Cancer Protection
Researchers have long suspected that children’s tissue provides protection against cancer to accommodate this growth, but they lacked definitive evidence or a mechanism for how this works. In a landmark paper published in Cell, Dr. Gilbertson’s lab mapped the functions of cells in numerous organs across the lifetime of mice and introduced tumor-inducing mutations to those cells.
They found that neonatal mouse cells are less likely to undergo tumorigenic transformation compared to adult cells with the same stem cell capacity, supporting the hypothesis that neonatal cells are somehow resistant to forming tumors — extrapolating to humans, this may explain why cancer rates are lower in children than adults.
Understanding the mechanism of this cancer protection has the potential to lead to better treatments not only for pediatric cancers, but adult cancers as well. “That’s critically important because if I can understand (how pediatric cells are protected from cancer), and then we can reactivate that in adult tissues, you’d have a very potent cancer preventative. If we could reactivate the mechanism in pediatric cells to allow them to grow and repair, but not cause cancer — imagine what we could do in adults. You could actually reactivate that pharmacologically with a medicine.”
Dr. Gilbertson is adamant about the need to develop innovative treatments that are proactive and integrated.
“My passion is to see cancers diagnosed as early as possible. Obviously, if you diagnose a cancer earlier, and this is particularly important for children, the required treatment is much less intense. The heroes of future cancer care may not so much be the life scientists, but the physicists, chemists, engineers, and mathematicians. They will be the people who generate innovative and inexpensive devices to detect cancer in its very earliest stages across the population,” he says.
The Need for International Collaboration
Dr. Gilbertson presented his groundbreaking work during the opening Keynote Lecture at the 2018 Sohn Conference: Accelerating Translation of Pediatric Cancer Research, which brought together the leaders in the field of pediatric oncology, and allowed interactions between more established scientists and clinicians with the next generation of graduate students, post-docs, and other young investigators from around the world. This was particularly exciting because due to the rarity of pediatric cancer, clinical trials to develop new treatments require international collaboration. “This disease is life threatening, there’s an imperative to do the best possible research.”
Nine outstanding scientists from six U.K. academic institutions receive a total of $480,000.
Published December 8, 2017
By Marie Gentile and Richard Birchard
The New York Academy of Sciences and the Blavatnik Family Foundation announced the first Honorees of the Blavatnik Awards in the United Kingdom.
Three Laureates, in the categories of Life Sciences, Physical Sciences & Engineering, and Chemistry, will each receive an unrestricted prize of $100,000. In addition, two Finalists in each category will each receive an unrestricted prize of $30,000. To date, the Blavatnik Awards in the U.K. are the largest unrestricted cash awards available exclusively to young scientists.
The Blavatnik Awards, administered by the New York Academy of Sciences, were established by the Blavatnik Family Foundation in 2007. The awards honor and support exceptional early-career scientists and engineers under the age of 42 across the United States. In 2017, the Awards were launched in the U.K. and Israel. This recognized the first cohort of international Blavatnik Award recipients. To date, the Blavatnik Awards have conferred prizes totaling U.S. $5 million, honoring 220 outstanding young scientists and engineers.
In this inaugural year of the Blavatnik Awards in the U.K., 124 nominations were received from 67 academic and research institutions across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. A distinguished jury of leading senior scientists and engineers selected the Laureates and Finalists. The 2018 Laureates are:
These inaugural Blavatnik Awards Laureates and Finalists in the U.K. will be honored at a gala dinner and ceremony at London’s Victoria and Albert Museum on March 7, 2018. In addition, the Award recipients will be invited to attend the annual Blavatnik Science Symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences this summer, which is an opportunity for former and current Blavatnik Awardees to exchange ideas and build cross-disciplinary research collaborations.
The Blavatnik U.K. honorees will become members of the Blavatnik Science Scholars community, currently comprising over 220 Blavatnik Award honorees from the decade-old U.S. program and three inaugural 2018 Laureates from Israel. Honorees will also receive Membership to The New York Academy of Sciences.
The 2017 Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists Laureates exemplify the kind of fearless thinking that can make revolutionary ideas become reality.
Published October 1, 2017
By Hallie Kapner
As physicist Niels Bohr (among others) has said: “Prediction is very difficult, especially if it’s about the future.”
Just ten years ago, it would have been a stretch for even the most optimistic prognosticator to predict that the iPhone, then a newborn technology, would be in one billion hands or that the human genome could be sequenced affordably in 24 hours. These examples of the dizzying pace of progress are good reminders that while attempts to peer into the future of science and technology are essential for growth and inspiration, reality sometimes exceeds the wildest visions.
The 2017 winners of the Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists, materials scientist Yi Cui, chemist Melanie Sanford, and bioengineer Feng Zhang, are no strangers to vision. Chosen from a pool of more than 300 nominees from universities around the country, this year’s Laureates exemplify the kind of fearless thinking that upends norms and breaks boundaries, ultimately bringing revolutionary ideas and advances into reality.
Asking any of them to discuss their day-to-day research would provide a fascinating peek into some of the most cutting-edge work in their respective fields, yet just as intriguing are their thoughts on the future. When asked to fast-forward ten or twenty years to discuss what’s next in their fields, each readily dove headlong into the world to come, shedding light on achievements that are both probable and possible, then reaching further to describe potential advances that seem far-fetched today, but may be the ultimate achievements of tomorrow.
Deleting Disease
Feng Zhang
Ten years is a long time for Feng Zhang, as he recalls that the technology he helped pioneer, CRISPR-Cas9, didn’t exist a decade ago.
As Zhang, a Core Member of the Broad Institute at MIT and Harvard, talks excitedly about the rapid pace of advancement in the field of genome editing, he highlights that there’s still plenty of room for growth. Zhang was among the first to conceive of using CRISPR, an adaptive immune function native to bacteria, as a DNA-editing tool, a breakthrough that has turned the ability to quickly, cheaply, and precisely edit the genomes of plants and animals from science-fiction into an everyday occurrence.
From Zhang’s point of view, developing the tools was just the beginning — the work of the future is in refining and applying those tools to alleviate suffering and disease.
The advent of rapid, affordable genome sequencing has allowed researchers to identify many of the mutations that cause disease, which fall into two categories: monogenetic diseases, such as Huntington’s, caused by a single mutation, and polygenetic diseases, which comprise the majority of illnesses, wherein multiple mutations are implicated.
Today, most of the work being done with CRISPR targets monogenetic diseases. Even in those cases, a fix is far more complex than simply cutting and replacing.
“The major issue is that we don’t know how to repair the mutation efficiently, nor what exactly needs to be done to have a therapeutic consequence,” said Zhang. “I think we’ll develop techniques for delivering gene therapy to the right tissues, which is still a big challenge.”
Advancing CRISPR technologies
Zhang also projects a future where CRISPR technologies can be adapted to treat patients with diseases so rare that they are often overlooked by the therapeutic pipeline.
“The economics don’t work for drug companies to focus on rare diseases, but as gene editing becomes more mature, we could feasibly create individualized therapies that would circumvent the typical drug development process,” he explained.
But the ultimate CRISPR application — editing multiple genes to treat complex polygenetic diseases — remains the stuff of fantasy. Two decades from now, Zhang expects we’ll be much closer.
“Even if we have the technology to make multiple genetic changes, we don’t know enough about how multiple genes interact in disease at this point,” he said, noting that the interplay of different gene variations can produce effects we don’t fully understand. “There are variations known to protect people from HIV, but they increase susceptibility to West Nile Virus,” he said. “That’s just one example — we need a much better understanding of these connections in order to achieve these bigger goals.”
Big Ideas from the Smallest Structures
Yi Cui
For Yi Cui, professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University, the buzzword of the future is energy.
Specifically, inexpensive, widely-available clean energy, along with new battery technologies that will transform cars and other consumer products as well as the electrical grid itself. Cui, whose research focuses on using nanoscale materials to tackle environmental and energy issues, has several breakthrough technologies to his credit — including a water filtration technology that uses electrified silver nanostructures to puncture viral and bacterial membranes, purifying water faster and more cheaply than chemical treatments, and designs for ultra-long life, low-cost batteries that may pave the way for what Cui sees as the major potential achievement of the next two decades: grid-scale energy storage.
Solar cells have become more efficient and renewable energy costs are dropping, yet energy storage remains the major hurdle for scientists, who recognize both the economic and environmental advantages of a future dominated by clean power. Continual improvements in the energy density of today’s batteries will yield rewards in the relatively near term, says Cui, who sides with experts who predict mass adoption of electric vehicles over the next 10-15 years.
“I wouldn’t be surprised if we’re seeing cars that can run 400 miles on a single charge,” he said, but the greatest gains in clean energy won’t be achieved until batteries can store enough energy to allow for the integration of solar, wind and other renewable power sources into the mainstream electrical grid. “Energy storage is the missing link,” Cui said, “and if we can solve that, it will be the most extraordinary achievement we can hope to have in this field in the next 20 or 30 years.”
The potential for nanomaterials to help mitigate the impacts of environmental pollution also looms large for Cui. As the global population grows and resource needs increase, he predicts a starring role for nanoscale structures in efforts to purify water and remediate soil pollution, and is developing a nano-driven “desalination battery,” which removes salt from seawater using less energy than reverse-osmosis, as well as air and water purification technologies that use nanostructures to capture particulates and pollutants with remarkable speed and efficiency.
The Best Molecule for the Job
Melanie Sanford
In a future envisioned by Melanie Sanford, there will be no compromise to designing molecules for some of the most important chemical tasks in the world, namely medical imaging, drug development, energy production and fields where the characteristics of a chemical reaction, or the process by which a molecule is made or utilized, can mean the difference between mediocre performance and excellence.
Sanford is making this vision a reality, developing customized approaches for the goals of various industries.
“Depending on the target for the reaction we’re developing, the dreams for the future are different,” she said.
The pharmaceutical and medical industries are two areas where Sanford believes that astonishing advances will be realized in the coming decade. Among them, the ability to customize the tracer molecules that are crucial to obtaining quality images in positron emission tomography, or PET, scans used in cancer, cardiac and brain diagnostics.
“Right now, the tracers used aren’t the best or the most appropriate, they’re the ones we can make with the limited set of reactions we have for adding a radioactive tag to a molecule,” said Sanford. “Ten or twenty years from now, the only constraint will be our imaginations — the reactions and catalysts in development now will allow us to ask, ‘What molecule do I want to make to get the best result for this application?’ and then be able to make it.”
Customization plays an equally important role in another field Sanford sees poised for transformation through the design of novel reactions — agricultural chemicals. Using reactions that yield the desired result, but do so using readily available materials with minimal energy consumption or waste production, would represent significant improvement and a major sustainability overhaul of some of the largest-scale chemical processing activities on earth.
“These syntheses are being performed at such a massive scale that waste really matters,” said Sanford.
The ability to make the best molecule for the job will be key to making Cui’s grid-scale energy storage a reality through new battery technologies. Sanford animatedly described the potential for developing new molecules to store energy, as well as tools for understanding and predicting the behavior and characteristics of those molecules.
“It’s going to be very exciting to both develop molecules with huge storage capability, but also to be able to use them to balance various needs and parameters — high storage capacity with high solubility — so we can really understand how to modify structures to yield the best performance for an application,” she said.
Zhang, Cui and Sanford harbor no delusions of ease when it comes to the dreams they’ve set forth. Rather, they greet the challenges ahead with equal measures of determination and hope.
“We have an enormous amount of work to do in the coming decades,” said Cui. “But everything we’re working towards is so important for the sustainable growth of the world and for the health and future of our children. I’m confident we can do it.”
Learn how member-to-member mentoring is helping young scientists tap into the power of The New York Academy of Sciences (the Academy).
Published August 31, 2017
By Rosanna Volchok
Multi-disciplinary, cross-sectoral, and global, the Academy’s membership is among the most diverse, dynamic scientific communities in the world. Over 40% of our membership falls into the “early career” category, meaning they are graduate students, postdocs, or newly minted professionals. Imagine if we could find a way for these young professionals to tap into the tremendous expertise and accumulated wisdom of our global network, regardless of where they live, work, or study!
Recently, we caught up with mentor Paul-André Genest, PhD, and mentee Ekaterina Taneva, PhD to learn about their experience.
What is your scientific background and what are you currently working on?
Paul-André Genest, PhD
Paul-André
I am a Molecular Parasitologist and Molecular Oncologist by training and did my PhD and postdoctoral fellowships at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. In 2012, after spending more than ten years doing biomedical research, I moved to New York and switched to scholarly publishing, first as a Managing Editor and then as an Associate Publisher and a Publisher at Elsevier. Since 2016, I have worked as a Senior Editor at Wiley where I oversee a portfolio of over twenty journals in the Life and Social Sciences.
Ekaterina
My science journey started with a BS/MS in Toxicology at St. John’s University in Queens, New York. In 2011, I joined Albert Einstein College of Medicine to pursue a PhD in biomedical sciences. As part of a multidisciplinary collaborative team dedicated to improving women’s health, I acquired in-depth understanding of the principles of translational research and its importance in patient outcomes. I now work as a medical writer for PRIME Education, LLC (Fort Lauderdale, FL), a company that provides accredited medical education and research focused on improving systems of care in a variety of disease areas. I am part of a dynamic team of medical and grant writers who develop evidence-based content on management of patients with infectious diseases.
Why did you choose to sign up for member-to-member mentoring?
Ekaterina
I knew I wanted to pursue a non-academic career centered on medical writing and translational research, and I wanted to expand my horizons, and what better way to achieve this than learning from someone who has walked the path that I envisioned for myself? I decided that participating in member-to-member mentoring would be an investment in my future and, more importantly, a learning experience that offered me the possibility to get out of my comfort zone and receive the outside perspective I needed to make objective and informed career decisions.
Paul-André
At the end of my own postdoctoral fellowships, I experienced difficulties leaving academic research and finding the right career path for myself. Furthermore, I did not have a strategy in place and I could have benefited from the advice of a professional working in the publishing industry. I signed up to be a “member-mentor” in order to provide this opportunity to someone else. I am a strong believer in the importance of giving back and of being involved in the community.
What was it like to participate in member-to-member mentoring?
Paul-André
I really enjoyed it and I appreciate the flexibility it provides as it lets the mentor and mentee take ownership of their mentoring relationship. My match with Ekaterina was excellent! We quickly bonded and either met or had discussions on a regular, monthly basis. I also helped her identify positions and referred her to jobs outside academia. We worked on her resume and cover letter and discussed job opportunities and companies that she found interesting.
Ekaterina
Ekaterina Taneva, PhD
Participating in this program showed me the true value of professional networking and mentorship. Paul-André and I started by getting to know each other’s backgrounds and assigning monthly goals we both had to complete on time in order to have a fulfilling and enriching experience. He was dedicated to not only sharing his experiences but also in getting to know me as a person and guiding me into a type of working environment that would align with my professional and personal goals.
I relied on his advice in almost every position I applied for, and he made himself available any time I needed feedback. Moreover, he invited me to career workshops and expanded my professional circle by bringing me into his own network of successful scientists who transitioned outside of academia. He guided me through the preparation of my thesis defense, and taught me to strive to be as persistent in my career aspirations as I have been in my academic endeavors.
Paul-André
I am very happy she managed to find a career that she likes and is stimulating for her. My experience was so positive that, after working with Ekaterina for the recommend six month mentoring period, I accepted a new match with another mentee (though Ekaterina and I still keep in regular contact).
How has participating in member-to-member mentoring influenced your work?
Paul-André
It has helped me think more about the skills and qualities candidates should have to join the scholarly publishing industry. Having an awareness of these traits will be useful for recruiting candidates for my own team. My mentoring experience also helped me develop my own leadership skills which I use to advise, coach and develop my current staff.
Ekaterina
It allowed me to meet a like-minded peer who shares a similar passion for translational science and, in particular, infectious diseases. Being able to share career plans with him and to receive his continuous input during a challenging transition created a solid support system for me. My mentor’s trust and investment in my success also reinforced my decision to mentor others in the program. Participating also inspired me to continue to improve myself so that I can be of utmost help to any of my peers who need additional support for achieving their career goals.
As members yourselves, how would you describe the Academy’s membership network?
Paul-André
The Academy has a very strong membership network comprised of professionals with expertise in a wide array of disciplines and who are at various stages of their career. It is great that the Academy has programs where early-career members can benefit from the experience and advice of more established professionals.
Ekaterina
The membership network is diverse and welcoming. The Academy not only accepts, but also encourages students to initiate activities and collaborate with renowned scientists. This framework allows students and young professionals to enhance their transferable skills and gain confidence and a sense of belonging to a community. I have developed long-lasting connections with multiple Academy members, from faculty and academic researchers, to entrepreneurs and fellow graduate students.
By participating in resume workshops, career fairs, and symposiums organized by the Academy, I got acquainted with the most exciting discoveries while exchanging business cards and experiences with scientists from all over the world. It is through these Academy initiatives and programs that I felt I was growing beyond my “student” profile and turning into a broad-minded young professional.
Over the past nine months, Erin Barta has been diligently working to implement the Academy’s Scientist-in-Residence Program (SiR) in Syracuse, New York. While this is a first for Barta after graduating in 2014 from Clark University’s Master’s Program in International Development and Social Change, it is also a first for the Academy. Syracuse’s SiR Program is the first expansion of the program outside of New York City.
The guiding principle behind SiR is that students who are exposed to science through inquiry-based learning techniques are more likely to succeed in—and be engaged with—science. SiR matches a scientist with a public school teacher and the teacher’s students, and advises them on developing a science project that follows the scientific method. The scientist will act as a mentor to both teacher and students and share their insights on the scientific method, project design and presentation of results.
A Crash Course in Program Management
Barta’s work is primarily concerned with building and supporting these budding partnerships. She collaborates with the scientists and staff at the SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, and with the dedicated teachers and administrators in the Syracuse public school system, to ensure that students are learning the techniques that will allow them to thrive in the STEM fields.
“Adapting the SiR program to Syracuse has been a crash course in program management. I have a front row seat to what it means to build a program from the ground up,” said Barta. “As the academic year draws to a close so will this year’s program. After celebrating our participants’ efforts and successes, the upcoming months will be spent exploring ways to make SiR even more rewarding for students.”
Paying it Forward
Erin Barta
Barta believes in SiR because she understands the importance of a mentor. As a college student she was inspired by faculty who were generous with their time and feedback. According to Barta, a good mentor can help a person, “gain a better sense of self, and radically reframe notions of our own capabilities. In my case, I was emboldened to pursue scholarships, internships and graduate school opportunities that I previously thought were out of my reach.”
According to Barta, mentorship provides a model for, “existing and engaging” in the world. A good mentor can provide an example of how to navigate all the competing factors between personal goals and obligations, versus those of the professional career. “Mentorship makes us privy to the experience of wisdom of those who have gone before us, which reconfigures our vision of what is possible.”
Barta and SiR are a well-made match. SiR seeks to encourage high school students to pursue their scientific interests in an academically rigorous manner, while providing their teachers with a resource to help their students succeed.
When she completes her VISTA service in September, Barta will continue to build her experience in project management and development in the nonprofit sector in Syracuse.
Learn more about the Academy’s Scientist-in-Residence program.
